WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS?

The signs of lupus differ from one person to another. Some people have just a few signs and symptoms of the disease; others have more. Listed below are the most common symptoms experienced by people with lupus:

• painful or swollen joints
• unexplained fever
• prolonged or extreme fatigue
• skin rashes
• low blood count
• chest pain with breathing
• red rash or color change on the face (often in shape of a butterfly across bridge of nose and cheeks)
• sensitivity to the sun
• unusual loss of hair
• pale or purple fingers or toes from cold or stress
• miscarriages

These signs are more important when they occur together.

WHO GETS IT?

Lupus affects 1 out of every 185 Americans and strikes adult women 10-15 times more frequently than adult men. Lupus is more prevalent in African Americans, Latinos, Native Americans and Asians. It is estimated that between 1.4 and 2 million Americans have been diagnosed with Lupus.

CAUSES AND TREATMENT

We don't know what causes the immune system to become overactive. While scientists believe there is a genetic predisposition to the disease, it is known that environmental factors also play a critical role in triggering lupus. In some people, lupus becomes active after exposure to sunlight, infections, stress or certain medications. Hormonal factors may explain why lupus occurs more frequently in females than in males.

HOW IS IT DIAGNOSED?

• blood tests
• physical exam
• complete history

WHO TREATS LUPUS?

Most people first see their primary care physician first. However, when unresolved questions arise or complications develop, another opinion from a specialist may be advisable. The specialist depends on the problem, but most often a rheumatologist or clinical immunologist specializing in lupus is recommended. A dermatologist would treat skin problems and a nephrologist would treat kidney involvement.